BSC2347 Human Anatomy and Physiology
II
Module 10 Case Study
QUESTION 1
Hawa is a 26-year-old female patient with a history of
infertility. She and her partner have been trying to conceive naturally for 2
years. Hawa started taking fertility medication 6 months ago to stimulate follicle
development. At 21 years of age, she was diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory
disease, which was treated with antibiotics. Her menstrual cycle has been
unpredictable over the last 3 months, with sporadic light bleeding. During the
last month, she has felt nauseous and experienced diarrhea. Yesterday, she had
a sudden onset of abdominal and pelvic pain and heavy vaginal bleeding. She is
concerned about the sudden change and sees her gynecologist the following day.
Hawa?s gynecologist is concerned she may be experiencing an
ectopic pregnancy. Briefly describe what this means, in your own words.
QUESTION 2
There are many risk factors for ectopic pregnancies. Which
risk factors does Hawa display?
QUESTION 3
Hawa?s physician explains that most ectopic pregnancies are
?tubal pregnancies.? What does this mean?
Fertilization
occurred outside the fallopian tube.
Implantation
occurred outside the fallopian tube.
Implantation
occurred within the fallopian tube.
Both
ovaries released an egg into fallopian tube.
QUESTION 4
Why is it concerning for a fertilized egg to implant outside
of the uterus?
QUESTION 5
If Hawa takes a pregnancy test, it will be negative because
ectopic pregnancies do not produce the human chorionic gonadotropin.
True
False
QUESTION 6
If Hawa?s pregnancy is allowed to continue, which of the
following may occur? (Select all possibilities.)
Permanent
damage to her fallopian tube
Completion
of a full term pregnancy
Life-threatening
blood loss
Increased
likelihood for a successful subsequent pregnancy
QUESTION 7
A transvaginal ultrasound is used to confirm Hawa?s tubal
pregnancy. Which of the following statements is true?
Hawa
likely became pregnant 6 months ago and was not aware of the pregnancy until now.
Hawa?s
will be allowed to continue her pregnancy, as long as there is no further
vaginal bleeding.
If
Hawa?s pregnancy continues, her life could be at risk.
Hawa?s
pregnancy will likely be treated by total hysterectomy.
QUESTION 8
If Hawa?s pregnancy is determined to be only a few weeks
along, which of these treatments would be her best option?
Injection
of methotrexate
Injection
of human chorionic gonadotropin
Partial
hysterectomy
Dilation
and curettage
QUESTION 9
If Hawa?s diagnostic ultrasound estimates that her pregnancy
is about 4 weeks along, which of the following is true of the fetus?
Limb
buds are well-developed.
Heartbeat
is present.
Liver
is producing bile.
Urine
is produced.
QUESTION 10
If Hawa?s diagnostic ultrasound estimates that her pregnancy
is about 8 weeks along, which of the following is true of the fetus?
Lungs
are fully developed.
Bones
have begun to calcify.
Limb
buds have yet to form.
Sex
is distinguishable.
QUESTION 11
Vanessa is a 32-year-old female who has been trying to
conceive for 3 months. She tested positive with an at-home pregnancy test after
missing her menstrual cycle last month. She has come into the clinic where you
work to confirm her pregnancy and begin her prenatal care. She has many
questions about the upcoming months. Imagine you are her nurse and help answer
her questions.
?I?ve heard that women often throw up in the first few weeks
of pregnancy, but I hasn?t felt nauseous at all. Does that mean something is
wrong??
QUESTION 12
?I already tested positive with a urine test at home. How is
a pregnancy blood test different??
Blood
tests done in a clinic can be more sensitive and measure the quantity of hCG,
whereas urine tests simply indicate if hCG is present.
Urine
tests measure hCG, while blood tests for pregnancy measure estrogen levels.
Urine
tests measure estrogen, while blood tests for pregnancy measure hCG levels.
Urine
tests can be accurate 1 week after a missed period, but blood tests cannot
detect hCG levels until 1 month after a missed period.
QUESTION 13
?I?ve lost 2 pounds since ovulation. Is that normal??
Slight
weight loss in the first trimester is normal and you may not notice any weight
gain until the third trimester.
Weight
loss is not normal during pregnancy. You should increase your calorie intake by
500 calories/day.
Slight
weight loss in the first trimester is normal. You should continue to eat
healthily and do not begin any new diets.
You
should not be losing weight. We will refer you to our dietician for assistance.
QUESTION 14
?I know that different types of prenatal screenings are
possible. Which diseases can we test for with a blood test??
The
most common prenatal screening tests that use blood draws screen for genetic
conditions, Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and neural tube defects.
All
genetic disease screening tests require invasive procedures like an
amniocentesis.
Blood
tests can screen for infections of the fetus? bloodstream.
Prenatal
blood tests screen for the most common childhood disorders, including leukemia.
QUESTION 15
?Do I need to refrain from sex during my pregnancy??
QUESTION 16
?I read online that I should make sure my prenatal vitamins
contain folic acid. Why is folic acid so important??
Folic
acid supports nervous system development and can help prevent brain and spinal
cord defects.
Folic
acid support gastrointestinal development and prevents intestinal disorders.
Folic
acid, along with B vitamins, are instrumental in the development of muscle.
Folic
acid is responsible for development of the heart early in pregnancy.
QUESTION 17
?My last period began 8 weeks ago. How big is my baby right
now??
Assuming
you are 8 weeks along, your baby is a little over 1 inch in length and bone and
muscles are growing. The fingers and toes are still webbed.
If
your LMP was 8 weeks ago, your gestational age is only 4 weeks, meaning your
embryo is still forming its 3 germ layers.
Assuming
you are 8 weeks along, your baby is over 3 inches long and can now create its
own urine.
Assuming
you are 8 weeks along, your baby is over 3.5 inches long and can respond to
your voice.
QUESTION 18
?When will I feel the baby move??
Most
women feel the first fetal movements in the first trimester.
Fetal
movements can be felt by the mother as early as 8 weeks.
Fetal
movements can be felt by the mother as early as 13-16 weeks.
Most
women do not feel fetal movements until the third trimester.
QUESTION 19
?My mother and sisters have all had preeclampsia with their
pregnancies. What is preeclampsia and does my family history mean I will have
it, too??
QUESTION 20
Vanessa wants to know about treatments for preeclampsia.
There are many options to treat preeclampsia, depending on how far along the
pregnancy is at the time of diagnosis. Which of the following is NOT a
treatment option if she is diagnosed with preeclampsia at 20 weeks?
Antihypertensive
medication
Corticosteroid
medication
Bed
rest and/or hospitalization
Immediate
induction and premature delivery